制御構造に関する別の構文
Due to the fact that php only interprets the necessary elements to get a result, I found it convenient to concatenate different sql queries into one statement:
<?php
$q1 = 'some query on a set of tables';
$q2 = 'similar query on a another set of tables';
if ( (($r1=mysql_query($q1)) && ($r2=mysql_query($q2)) ) {
while (($row=mysql_fetch_assoc($r1))||($row=mysql_fetch_assoc($r2))) {
/* do something with $row coming from $r1 and $r2 */
}
}
?>
while
whileループは、PHPで最も簡単なタイプのループです。 このループは、CのWHILEループと同様の動作をします。 whileループの基本形は次のようになります。
while (式) 文
while文の意味は簡単です。 while文は、式の値がTRUEである間、 入れ子の文を繰り返し実行することをPHPに指示します。 式の値は各反復処理の開始時にチェックされるので、ループ内の文の実行により この値が代わった場合でもループ実行は各ループを終るまで終わりません。 (PHPによるループ内の文の実行が1回分の反復に相当します) while式の値が初めからFALSEの 場合は、内部の文は一回も実行されません。
if文と同様に、波括弧で複数の文を囲うか、 以下に示す別の構文を用いることにより、同じwhile ループの中に複数の文をグループ化することができます。
while (式):
文
...
endwhile;
次の例は同じです。どちらも 1 から 10 までの数を出力します。
/* 例 1 */
$i = 1;
while ($i <= 10) {
echo $i++; /* 出力される値は、足される前の
$iの値です。
(後置加算) */
}
/* 例 2 */
$i = 1;
while ($i <= 10):
echo $i;
$i++;
endwhile;
add a note
User Contributed Noteswhile
s dot seitz at netz-haut dot de
24-Jun-2008 04:21
24-Jun-2008 04:21
dominik at deobald dot org
23-Feb-2007 04:50
23-Feb-2007 04:50
@stuart:
There's nothing strange or unexpected about your loop's behaviour.
> So in effect the main while loop is only doing one iteration... and not 4 as expected....
That's the wrong conclusion. The outer "while" does all four iterations. However the "inner" loop does nothing for the second, third and fourth run.
> I think it would be good to have an explaination of this strange behaviour.
Here it is:
<?PHP
$i=0;
while($i < count($one)) {
while($a = each($two)) {
echo $a[1]." - ".$one[$i].", ";
}
$i++;
}
?>
The "problem" is your use of "each", which reached the last item after the first iteration of the outer loop. After that, when you come back to the second iteration with the outer loop, "each" still is at the end of the array $two.
If you add a reset($two) in front of the inner "while", you'll get the result you expect.
startide at free dot fr
27-Apr-2006 04:08
27-Apr-2006 04:08
Talking about while, dropdown menus, and ternary operator which was mentionned before, you can combine them to have drop menu built with a value selected according to your wishses.
<select name="whatever">
<?php
while ($data = mysql_fetch_assoc($requeteID))
{
$menu .= '<option value="'.$data['id'].'"';
$menu .= ($data['id'] == $_GET['id'] ? ' selected>' :'>');
$menu .= $data['name'].'</option>';
}
echo $menu;
?>
</select>
Therefore if you are creating a form to select data from database, and want the form displayed when search is done to show what parameters have been chosen that will do the trick !!
Let's say I make a search between different sports, I choose football in my form, send my query... then displays are show, the menu will have football selected because of the ternary operator that displays "selected>" on the <option> ;) Enjoy ^^
sub7ime at yahoo dot com
04-Apr-2006 08:00
04-Apr-2006 08:00
I was reading the excellent post by wbryson at gmail dot com and I wanted to just add that the ? : syntax is known as the 'ternary operator' for those who want to learn more about it.
chris mushy
11-May-2005 02:43
11-May-2005 02:43
Just a note to stuart - the reason for this behaviour is because using the while(value = each(array)) construct increments the internal counter of the array as its looped through. Therefore if you intend to repeat the loop, you need to reset the counter. eg:
$one = array("10", "20", "30", "40");
$two = array("a", "b", "c", "d");
$i=0;
while($i < count($one)) {
reset($two);
while($a = each($two)) {
echo $a[1]." - ".$one[$i].", ";
}
$i++;
}
This produces:
a - 10, b - 10, c - 10, d - 10, a - 20, b - 20, c - 20, d - 20, a - 30, b - 30, c - 30, d - 30, a - 40, b - 40, c - 40, d - 40,
stuart
11-May-2005 10:06
11-May-2005 10:06
A note to anyone nesting a while loop inside a while loop....
Consider the example below:
$one = array("10", "20", "30", "40");
$two = array("a", "b", "c", "d");
$i=0;
while($i < count($one)) {
while($a = each($two)) {
echo $a[1]." - ".$one[$i].", ";
}
$i++;
}
This will return the following:
a - 10, b - 10, c - 10, d - 10
So in effect the main while loop is only doing one iteration... and not 4 as expected....
Now the example below works as expected..
$i=0;
while($i < count($one)) {
foreach($two as $a) {
echo $a." - ".$one[$i]."\n";
}
$i++;
}
by returning:
a - 10, b - 10, c - 10, d - 10, a - 20, b - 20, c - 20, d - 20, a - 30, b - 30, c - 30, d - 30, a - 40, b - 40, c - 40, d - 40
So there is clearly a difference on how while statements work in comparison to other looping structures.
I think it would be good to have an explaination of this strange behaviour.
13-Mar-2005 05:54
virtualjosh at yahoo dot com (Hosh) wrote on: 16-Aug-2003 12:52
The speedtest is interesting. But the seemingly fastest way contains a pitfall for beginners who just use it because it is fast and fast is cool ;)
Walking through an array with next() will cut of the first entry, as this is the way next() works ;)
If you really need to do it this way, make sure your array contains an empty entry at the beginning. Another way would be to use
<?php
while ($this = current($array) ){
do_something($this);
next($array);
}
?>
There is an impact on speed for sure but I did not test it. I would advise to stick with conventional methods because current(),next() in while loops is too error prone for me.
Ilene Jones
21-Feb-2005 09:12
21-Feb-2005 09:12
For Perl programmers, break is similar to last
while (1) {
while(cond) {
if (error) {
break 2; // in perl this could have been last;
}
}
}
corychristison[AT]NSPAMlavacube[dot]com
03-Dec-2004 11:08
03-Dec-2004 11:08
While can do wonders if you need something to queue writing to a file while something else has access to it.
Here is my simple example:
<?php
function write ($data, $file, $write_mode="w") {
$lock = $file . ".lock";
// run the write fix, to stop any clashes that may occur
write_fix($lock);
// create a new lock file after write_fix() for this writing session
touch( $lock );
// write to your file
$open = fopen($file, $write_mode);
fwrite($open, $data);
fclose($open);
// kill your current lock
unlink($lock);
}
function write_fix ($lock_file) {
while( file_exists($lock_file){
// do something in here?
// maybe sleep for a few microseconds
// to maintain stability, if this is going to
// take a while ?? [just a suggestion]
}
}
?>
This method is not recommended for use with programs that will be needing a good few seconds to write to a file, as the while function will eat up alot of process cycles. However, this method does work, and is easy to implement. It also groups the writing functions into one easy to use function, making life easier. :-)
virtualjosh at yahoo dot com (Hosh)
15-Aug-2003 11:52
15-Aug-2003 11:52
I made a test traversing an array (simple, but long, numeric array with numeric keys). My test had a cycle per method, and multiplied each array element by 100.. These were my results:
******************************************************
30870 Element Array Traversing
[test_time] [BEGINS/RESETS @ time_start = 1060977996.689]
0.2373 seg later -> while (list ($key, $val) = each ($array)) ENDS
[test_time] [BEGINS/RESETS @ time_start = 1060977996.9414]
0.1916 seg later -> while (list ($key,) = each ($array)) ENDS
[test_time] [BEGINS/RESETS @ time_start = 1060977997.1513]
0.1714 seg later -> foreach ($array AS $key=>$value) ENDS
[test_time] [BEGINS/RESETS @ time_start = 1060977997.3378]
0.0255 seg later -> while ($next = next($array)) ENDS
[test_time] [BEGINS/RESETS @ time_start = 1060977997.3771]
0.1735 seg later -> foreach ($array AS $value) ENDS
**************************************************************
foreach is fatser than a while (list - each), true.
However, a while(next) was faster than foreach.
These were the winning codes:
$array = $save;
test_time("",1);
foreach ($array AS $key=>$value)
$array[$key] = $array[$key] * 100;
test_time("foreach (\$array AS \$key=>\$value)");
$array = $save;
test_time("",1);
reset($array);
while ($next = next($array))
{ $key = key($array);
$array[$key] = $array[$key] * 100;
}
test_time("while (\$next = next(\$array))");
*********************************************************
The improvement seems huge, but it isnt that dramatic in real practice. Results varied... I have a very long bidimensional array, and saw no more than a 2 sec diference, but on 140+ second scripts. Notice though that you lose control of the $key value (unless you have numeric keys, which I tend to avoid), but it is not always necessary.
I generally stick to foreach. However, this time, I was getting Allowed Memory Size Exceeded errors with Apache. Remember foreach copies the original array, so this now makes two huge 2D arrays in memory and alot of work for Apache. If you are getting this error, check your loops. Dont use the whole array on a foreach. Instead get the keys and acces the cells directlly. Also, try and use unset and Referencing on the huge arrays.
Working on your array and loops is a much better workaround than saving to temporary tables and unsetting (much slower).
Merve
10-Jul-2003 05:49
10-Jul-2003 05:49
This is an easy way for all you calculator creators to make it do factorials. The code is this:
<?php
$c = ($a-1);
$d = $a;
while ($c>=1)
{
$a = ($a*$c);
$c--;
}
print (" $d! = $a");
?>
$a changes, and so does c, so we have to make a new variable, $d, for the end statement.
bens at effortlessis dot com
26-Jun-2003 01:32
26-Jun-2003 01:32
I recently did a performance analysis, comparing while() and foreach() when traversing an array.
Foreach() is nearly 2x faster - an effect most notable when traversing large, multi-dimensional arrays.
Here's my code:
<?
for ($i=0; $i<10000; $i++)
$a[$i]=$i*2;
echo "list time: \n".$start=mktime()."\n";
for ($i=0; $i<1000; $i++)
{
reset($a);
while(list($k, $v)=each($a))
{
echo "";
}
}
echo ($finish=mktime())."\n";
$result=$finish-$start;
echo "Result: $result seconds\n\n";
echo "for time: \n".$start=mktime()."\n";
for ($i=0; $i<1000; $i++)
{
foreach($a as $k => $v)
{
echo "";
}
}
echo ($finish=mktime())."\n";
$result=$finish-$start;
echo "Result: $result seconds\n\n";
?>
And here's the results on an 1800+ Athlon:
list time:
1056579474
1056579512
Result: 38 seconds
fore time:
1056579512
1056579533
Result: 21 seconds
chayes at antenna dot nl
26-Feb-2002 10:42
26-Feb-2002 10:42
At the end of the while (list / each) loop the array pointer will be at the end.
This means the second while loop on that array will be skipped!
You can put the array pointer back with the reset($myArray) function.
example:
<?php
$myArray=array('aa','bb','cc','dd');
while (list ($key, $val) = each ($myArray) ) echo $val;
reset($myArray);
while (list ($key, $val) = each ($myArray) ) echo $val;
?>
moriarty at all-ears dot co dot uk
13-Feb-2002 08:58
13-Feb-2002 08:58
If you want to skip an iteration of a while loop, you can use continue.
This will result in the rest of the present iteration being skipped, and it will go back to the start of the loop for the next iteration.
Moriarty
yohgaki at hotmail dot com
01-Apr-2001 10:09
01-Apr-2001 10:09
If you want to traverse array, foreach() is faster than while() a little.
[Benched with PHP4.0.4pl1/Apache DSO/Linux]
i.e.
foreach ($array as $k => $v)
is a little faster than
while (list($k,$v) = each($array))
You might want to use foreach for large arrays.